Objective: Based on all that you have covered in this course, discuss potential “unintended” side effects that fire exclusion from 1910-1980 may have had on emissions from recent wildfires, how this may have changed since 1980, what we may see in the future, and what actions we could attempt to potentially mitigate pollution from these fires? In your response, please include consider different environments including forests, juniper woodlands, and sage-steppe.

Detailed Instructions for final version:

This essay should be typed and should be at least the equivalent of 3-4 single spaced types pages. Feel free to use single or double line spacing.
This essay should include the following elements:

I. Title
� Use this title: “Smoke from Fires: 1910 to the present and beyond”

II. Introduction
� The introduction should be 2 paragraphs of 5-6 sentences each. The first paragraph of the introduction should highlight why fires and tehir smoke are important (could take social angle or biogeochemical). The last paragraph should describe “in your own words” the objectives of air quality policy in the United States with respect to wildland fires and highlight the importance of climate and ecology on such policies.

III. Review of Evidence
� This section should be at least 3 paragraphs and should focus on the following topics (section headings can vary form these general ones) : (a) Smoke from 1910 to 1980, (b) Smoke from 1980-2010, (c) Presnet day smoke, and (d) Smoke in the Future. The review of evidence should include information from at least 5 sources. Wikipedia or these lectures do not count towards this number and will not count as a source.

IV. Discussion of Evidence
� This section can be 1-2 paragraphs long. In your own words evaluate and based off the evidence you present, discuss which agencies will find it easy or difficult to mitigate future smoke impacts of wildfires.

V. Conclusions
� This section should be at least two paragraphs of 5-6 sentences each. The first paragraph should re-summarize the objectives of the essay and highlight the types of sources used. The second paragraph succinctly summarize whether you believe smoke from wildfires is manageable will work. Regardless of your answer, defend your decision.

VI. Literature Cited
At the end of the document use the following citation conventions:
Peer-reviewed Journals (multiple authors): Carrot, Y.H., Turnip, J.U.H. and Tomato, A.T. (2010). Spectral analysis of mixed vegetables in pies, International Journal of Vegetable Science, 19, 976-983.
Peer-reviewed Journals (two authors): Carrot, Y.H. and Turnip, J.U.H (2005), Soup mixes: a comprehensive review, International Journal of Soup Science, 14, 245-248.
Peer-reviewed Journals (single author): Carrot, Y.H. (2005), The role of carrots in the vegetable word, International Journal of Carrots, 14, 245-248.
Books / Book Chapters: Carrot, Y.H. and Turnip, J.U.H. (2001) The use of potatoes in soup: a review, in “Soups of the World�, Ed. Fried Potatoes, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 67-79.
Agency Reports: Carrot, Y.H., Turnip, J.U.H. and Tomato, A.T. (2010). Review of soup quality standards within the National Park Services’ cafeterias, NPS report, USA, pp 46
Websites: Carrot Soup Recipes (2011), Last Accessed 1st January 2011, https://www.101cookbooks.com/archives/carrot-soup-recipe.html
In the text, use the following citation conventions:
Carrot (2002)
Carrot et al., (2002)
Carrot and Potato (2002)