Week 8: Pathologies of the GU/Renal system

Student Objectives

By the end of this practical class and in association with relevant reading (including lecture notes and textbooks), students should be able to:
• Identify the major causes of pathophysiology of the
genito-urinary system
o Acute kidney injury vs chronic renal failure
 Pre-renal;
 Intra-renal
• Pyelonephritis  Post-renal
• Acute renal colic
o Haematuria
o Urinary tract infection
o Obstruction of in-dwelling urinary catheters
• Identify the major causes of female reproductive disorders
o Dysmenorrhea
 IUDs.Implants  Fibroids
o Displacement of the uterus and bladder (Prolapse)
o Inflammatory and infectious disorders
 Sexually transmitted diseases
 PID
• Identify the major cause of male reproductive disorders
o Acute scrotum
o Torsion vs infection
o Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Introduction

The kidneys play a vital role in the homeostasis of the human body in maintaining
blood pressure, metabolism and elimination of nutrients and chemical such as water
soluble medications. Because of this any serious injury to the kidney has flow on effects to
every aspect of clinical practice, from the administration of fluids, the elimination of
medications and the interpretation of vital signs. This week we will look at the common
causes of acute kidney injury and management consideration is the prehospital setting.

Reading

Bullock S. & Hales M. 2013. Principles of Pathophysiology, Pearson Australia,
• Chapter 38 Female reproductive disorders
• Chapter 39 Male reproductive disorders

Cameron P., Jelinek G., Kelly A., Murray L., Brown A., 2009, Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine, 3rd Edn
• Section 10.3 Genito-urinary emergencies

Cross S., 2013 Underwood’s Pathology, a clinical approach, 6th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier.
• Chapter 19 Female genital tract
• Chapter 20 Urinary and male genital tracts • Chapter 21 Kidney diseases
Johnson, M., Boyd L., Grantham H., Eastwood K., (2015) Paramedic Principles and Practice, ANZ: A clinical reasoning approach, Elsevier, Australia
• Chapter 30 Renal colic
• Chapter 45 Bleeding from the gastrointestinal or urinary tract