The Qin Emperor not only unified China but also accomplished everything

ASTD 284 Final exam (worth 100 points): PART 1 Multiple-Choice Questions (2 points each) Directions: Circle or highlight the BEST answer for each of the following: 1) The Qin Emperor not only unified China but also accomplished everything below except: a) Standardizing Chinese characters. b) Standardizing weights and measures. c) Inventing gunpowder. d) Constructing the imperial highway system. 2) Which statement most accurately describes the spread of Buddhism in East Asia: a) It served to further subjugate women by confining them to the home as a status symbol for a wealthy husband. b) It was only a passing fad of the Tang dynasty but took hold in Korea and Japan as it closely aligned with thoughts of equality among family members. c) It assisted in the transfer of culture across the Korean peninsula but did not spread beyond. d) The translation of Buddhist texts into Chinese helped Buddhism spread throughout East Asia, particularly to Korea and among the yangban. 3) Regarding Buddhist schools, doctrines, and deities, the following statement is correct: a) Buddhism accepts that souls reach spiritual perfection through a cycle of life, death, and reincarnation. b) Buddhism emphasizes the philosophical idea of being anti-rational, that is, against rational thought. c) Theravada Buddhism taught that salvation could be attained by faith expressed through calling the Buddha’s name. d) Confucians admired Buddhism for the life of its monks and nuns, who withdrew from society. 4) Examples of literature from the period of Heian high culture include: a) The Pillow Book and Tale of Genji. b) Spring and Autumn Annals and Records of the Grand Historian. c) Tripitika, History of the Three Kingdoms. d) oracle bone writing. 5) Building the Great Wall was important for later Ming-Mongol relations because a) extending the wall was one solution to disagreements about how to control contact with Mongols. b) it limited the contact between the Ming and Mongol soldiers, as it was impenetrable. c) it allowed trade through a series of special villages set up at intervals called Treaty Ports. d) it forged great ties between the Ming and Tibetan Buddhists. 6) Which of the following characterized the transition from Qin to Han dynasties? a) A shift from Confucian thought to a Legalist-influenced polity. b) A period of tremendous intellectual, literary, and cultural growth. c) A period during which China had greater difficulty contending with military threats from Southern neighbors. d) A time of costly military campaigns financed by the minting of coins, the sale of expensive bronzes, and the confiscation of land from the peasantry. 7) Which of the following statements best characterizes Buddhism in early Japan? a) Buddhism shared a complex relationship with Shamanism and similar animistic beliefs. b) The Yamato court overlooked Buddhism in favor of Chinese philosophical and religious influences. c) Prince Shotoku based his new ruling ideology in the Seventeen Injunctions on Buddhist beliefs alone. d) Buddhism became increasingly embedded in Japan and began to blend with native beliefs like Shintō. 8) Between the tenth and eleventh centuries, Japan witnessed: a) a reversion from a lavish court lifestyle to one of greater simplicity and austerity. b) a flourishing of Japanese literary works from female authors such as MurasakiShikibu. c) The rejection of the Amida Buddha by all levels of society in favor of Confucianism. d) Political continuity and stability between the Buddhist clergy and the monarchy. 9) Who wrote the following ideas to describe his understanding of human nature: "Goodness is to human nature like flowing downward is to water. There are no people who are not good and no water that does not flow down. Still, water, if splashed, can go higher than your head; if forced it can be brought up a hill. This isn't the nature of water; it is the specific circumstances. Although people can be made to be bad, their natures are not changed." a) Laozi b) Confucius c) Mencius d) Mozi 10) During the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu was the first sei-i-tai shogun to differentiate the warriors as a self-conscious class. new developments in trade included monetization of commerce with coins imported from Ming China. the government developed an elaborate bureaucratic structure, later called the bakufu (tent government). the daimyo were independent from the shogunate, issuing decrees on their own to regulate their behavior. 11) The following quotation appeared in which of the following texts: “Now look at the Shang; Heaven guided them stayed near them, nourished them, so that they would comprehend what Heaven favors; but now they have let their Mandate fall to the ground.” a) The Analects b) The Book of Confucius c) The Spring and Autumn Annals d) The Announcement of Shao 12) The Japanese capital of Nara and the Silla capital ofKyŏngju were based on the architecture in which Tang era Chinese city? a) Dunhuang b) Chang’an c) Luoyang d) Guangzhou 13) What is the best explanation of the significance of the following passage: “Now look at the Shang; Heaven guided them stayed near them, nourished them, so that they would comprehend what Heaven favors; but now they have let their Mandate fall to the ground.” a) The passage explains that virtuous kings will always fail to fulfill their moral responsibility and thus will lose the Mandate. b) The passage explains how the Shang gained power. c) The passage describes that the Shang but no others could lose Heaven’s Mandate. d) The passage describes that the Mandate of Heaven could be lost. 14) During his reign, the Hongwu Emperor pursued all but which of the following: a) Irrigation and water works projects, including dredging the Grand Canal. b) Agricultural reforms so that more peasants could own land. c) Revision of the Ming penal code, as inspired by the examples developed under the Yuan. d) Strong military organization, modeled on earlier systems developed under the Tang. 15) Which of the following descriptions of foreign relations under the Chosŏn (Joseon) dynasty is true: a) The Chosŏn (Joseon) re-established diplomatic relations in the seventeenth century with TokugawaIeyasu, which allowed Japan to engage in unlimited trade with Pusan and other ports on the peninsula. b) Chosŏn (Joseon) reestablished diplomatic relations in the seventeenth century with Tokugawa Ieyasu; however, the Japanese islands carefully regulated trade with Korea via Osaka. c) By virtue of the tributary system, the Ming emperor had an obligation to assist Chosŏn (Joseon) whenever domestic and international conflicts arose. d) By virtue of the tributary system, the Ming emperor had a moral obligation to assist Chosŏn (Joseon) at times of conflict with other states. PART 2 SHORT IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS (worth 10 points each) Directions: Answer any six (6) of the following short identification questions in 5-6 well-written sentences, fully identifying the item (establishing the basic specifics of who, what, when, and where that uniquely identify that item and no other) and explaining its historical significance (how and why the item is important for understanding the development of East Asia's history). Each of these items requires you to have factual knowledge (gained from the readings) and to develop critical thinking (gained from class discussions and your analysis of ideas and events). Only the first six answered will be graded: 1. Civil Service Examination system (Korean, Ming, Han, etc.) 2. Writing systems in East Asia 3. Legalism 4. Buddhism: Nichiren and Zen 5. filial piety 6. Empress Wu compared to Queen Seondeok 7. Oracle bones 8. Heian high culture