Organizational commitment is:

The degree of emotional detachment one has from their job company and coworkers

The degree to which one enjoys their work

A terminal value which is inherited and trait-based

The degree of emotional attachment held towards the company and coworkers

An instrumental value as a preferred end-state of existence

Possible reactions to perceived inequity include all except:

changing one%u2019s thinking about the other person

encouraging the other person to work harder

changing one%u2019s equity sensitivity

changing the person against whom the comparison is made (referent)

Decreasing one%u2019s own effort put into the job (input)

Joe received the employee of the month award for his exemplary citizenship behaviors. These would include all except the following:

Making meaningful suggestions on how to improve work processes for his department.

Taking sick leave only when necessary and truly sick

Being available to questions of coworkers in spite of his own heavy workload

Backing up his coworker when she experienced a personal emergency and had to leave her shift

Taking extra measures beyond expectations to find answers for customers

Maslow%u2019s hierarchy of needs encompasses all aspects of a person%u2019s needs motivating behavior except:

physiological

safety

self-actualization

equity

esteem

Clayton Alderfer%u2019s theory differs from Maslow%u2019s theory of motivation in that:

it does not rank needs in any particular order

it does not recognize that more than one need may operate at a given time

it fails to recognize the frustration experienced when trying to satisfy an unmet need

it does not recognize that multiple needs drive a person at any given point

it ranks needs in a hierarchy rather than grouping them into interrelated categories

David McClelland%u2019s theory presumes that:

people acquire needs throughout life as a result of their life experiences

needs are trait-based and dependent upon a person%u2019s personality

interrelations with others do not affect one%u2019s motivation

needs are conditioned through reinforcement

the strongest motivator is perceived equity

Acquired Needs Theory is based upon:

need for achievement power and self-actualization

need for affiliation power and achievement

need for affiliation achievement and hygienic workplace

need for power affiliation and relatedness

need for power control and influence

Equity theory is based upon:

expectancy hygiene factors valence

expectations power and controls

expectancy instrumentality and affiliation

expected effort performance and rewards

expectancy perceptions and valence

Reinforcement theory presumes all except:

that positive reinforcement will lead to positive outcomes

that positive behavior results in removal of consequences

that type of consequence relates to type of behavior addressed (positive to positive; negative to negative.

that type of consequence should be opposite of behavior addressed (positive to negative; negative to positive.

that outcome/consequence is adjusted upon behavior demonstrated

The stages of OB Mod include all except:

behavior identification

baseline behavior measurement

antecedents and outcomes analyzed

observe

evaluate and maintain