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DOC/714s Prospectus

Latoya L. Nugent

University of Phoenix

DOC/714s

Dr. Roxanne Williams

July 13, 2021

ProspectusComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = approved

1. Program of Study (including specialization, when applicable)

The program of study is Doctor of Education with a concentration in Educational Leadership.

2.Problem StatementComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = continue editingThe Problem Statement Guide has a sample of a full problem statement and provides these steps. Step 1: Provide Background information Step 2: State the Problem Step 3: Provide Scholarly Support for the Problem Step 4: Highlight the Impact

Teaching is a challenging profession with high levels of stress and mental disorders frequently occurring (Jackson & Rothmann, (2005) Educator’s experience stress creates an unprofessional work environment resulting in educators experiencing anxiety that leads to mental health concerns. The pressures of the profession manifest themselves very early. They are very evident in the teacher preparation process well before students become teachers in their own classrooms Gold, Y., & Roth, R. A. (1993). The problem is that leadership demands, and culture norms create an unprofessional work environment resulting in educators experiencing anxiety that leads to mental health concerns. Many teachers experience burnout because of prolonged functioning in a highly stressful working environment (Oberle & Schonert-Reichl, 2016). Participant stories provide data within this proposed study to inform education stakeholders of teacher experiences related to stress. Comment by Roxanne Williams: (Jackson & Rothmann, 2005).Comment by Roxanne Williams: unclear; see my notes within the week 7 assignment feedbacComment by Roxanne Williams: In scholarly writing do not use first and second person pronouns. Also, do not begin sentences with pronouns such as: there, this, that, it, etc. They, their, he, she, her, him, etc. are labeled third person pronouns, but these pronouns are, technically, also considered non-scholarly words in dissertations. Comment by Roxanne Williams: Please look at the APA 7th edition manual chapter 8. The pages cover the correct formatting of citations. See Table 8.1 on page 266 for in-text citation styles. Also, the APA 7th edition student paper template includes examples of how to cite sources. Comment by Roxanne Williams: citation required

3.Purpose StatementComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = approved

The purpose of this proposed qualitative narrative inquiry study is to understand the stories of public 6th-8th grade teachers who have experienced stress related to their jobs in Harlem, New York.

4.Research QuestionComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = approved

R1. What were the participants’ feelings about teaching in their current school district as related to stressful experiences?

R2. What were the cultural factors and what were the interrelationships with other people in their school district related to stressful experiences?

R3. What was the physical environment during the stressful experiences?

5.Methodology Comment by Roxanne Williams: this section = approved

The chosen method for this proposed study is qualitative. Creswell and Creswell (2017) explained qualitative researchers collect data through inductive processes, as opposed to quantitative researchers beginning with deductive processes. According to Creswell and Creswell qualitative research includes participant perceptions and feeling expressed through interviews, focus groups, and possible open-ended surveys. The authors further explained quantitative researchers demonstrate deductive processes involving predetermined hypotheses to support elements of a given theory. The author of the proposed study mirrors Creswell and Creswell’s definition of qualitative research through the purpose and research questions of the study. No hypotheses will be stated, but participants will be asked open-ended questions to learn of classroom experiences. The qualitative method is the preferred choice to investigate participant perceptions and feelings.

6.DesignComment by Roxanne Williams: This section = continue editingI copy and pasted the feedback to you from your last draft. You have not addressed the suggestions.

Qualitative research has a variety of different research designs that can be used to research a problem. The research design that will best support the research that will be conducted is narrative Inquiry research design. In narrative inquiry courses, we use four terms (living, telling, retelling, reliving) to structure the process of self-narration (Judith L. Green, et al., Taylor & Francis Group, 2006). Narrative inquiry, the study of experience as story, then, is first and foremost a way of thinking about the experience. To use narrative inquiry methodology is to adopt a particular view of experience as a phenomenon under study (Connelly & Clandinin, 2006, p. 375). The interviewer will examine the relationship between educators and administrators to determine the primary cause of stress. Interviews will examine the overall impact that can lead to pressure and anxiety.

Qualitative research has a variety of different research designs that can be used to research a problem. The research design that will best support the research that will be conducted is narrative Inquiry research design. In narrative inquiry courses, we use four terms (living, telling, retelling, reliving) to structure the process of self-narration (Judith L. Green, et al., Taylor & Francis Group, 2006). Narrative inquiry, the study of experience as story, then, is first and foremost a way of thinking about the experience. To use narrative inquiry methodology is to adopt a particular view of experience as a phenomenon under study (Connelly & Clandinin, 2006, p. 375). The interviewer will examine the relationship between educators and administrators to determine the primary cause of stress. Interviews will examine the overall impact that can lead to pressure and anxiety. Comment by Roxanne Williams: not in the reference list and not cited according to APA guidelinesPlease look at the APA 7th edition manual chapter 8. The pages cover the correct formatting of citations. See Table 8.1 on page 266 for in-text citation styles. Also, the APA 7th edition student paper template includes examples of how to cite sources. Comment by Roxanne Williams: ?Comment by Roxanne Williams: this is quantitative language

7.FrameworkComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = continue editingI copy and pasted my feedback below from the previous draft. You are not addressing my suggestions.

The qualitative proposed study is based upon a conceptual framework. Concepts from others’ research link to the components of the study. The concepts of educator’s experience stress and the high demands made by administrators warrant the topic of educators’ burnout. Oberle & Schonert-Reichl, 2016 discussed many teachers experience burnout because of prolonged functioning in a highly stressful working environment. The ample amount of stress teachers experiences due to overwhelm demands that may include educators worrying about observation and their performance. Suh, R. (2018) discusses Stress occurs on the way to burnout. Educators become stress and as a result, they become burnout which impacts their performance. Larrivee, B. (2012) discussed Stress occurs when your usual way of doing things is inadequate for the demands of the situation. Simply stated, stress is what happens when life hands you more than you can handle. Stress within educators began when administrators demand, and educators become overwhelmed. The three concepts of stress, burnout, and educators and leadership relationships form the conceptual framework of this proposed study, but the framework evolves as data is collected, analyzed, and compared to others’ research.

The qualitative proposed study is based upon a conceptual framework. Concepts from others’ research link to the components of the study. The concepts of educator’s experience stress and the high demands made by administrators warrant the topic of educators’ burnout. Oberle & Schonert-Reichl, 2016 discussed many teachers experience burnout because of prolonged functioning in a highly stressful working environment. The ample amount of stress teachers experiences due to overwhelm demands that may include educators worrying about observation and their performance. Suh, R. (2018) discusses Stress occurs on the way to burnout. Educators become stress and as a result, they become burnout which impacts their performance. Larrivee, B. (2012) discussed Stress occurs when your usual way of doing things is inadequate for the demands of the situation. Simply stated, stress is what happens when life hands you more than you can handle. Stress within educators began when administrators demand, and educators become overwhelmed. The three concepts of stress, burnout, and educators and leadership relationships form the conceptual framework of this proposed study, but the framework evolves as data is collected, analyzed, and compared to others’ research. Comment by Roxanne Williams: unclearComment by Roxanne Williams: unclearComment by Roxanne Williams: In scholarly writing do not use first and second person pronouns. Also, do not begin sentences with pronouns such as: there, this, that, it, etc. They, their, he, she, her, him, etc. are labeled third person pronouns, but these pronouns are, technically, also considered non-scholarly words in dissertations. Comment by Roxanne Williams: I will not highlight each citation error. You need to self-edit your citations. Please look at the APA 7th edition manual chapter 8. The pages cover the correct formatting of citations. See Table 8.1 on page 266 for in-text citation styles. Also, the APA 7th edition student paper template includes examples of how to cite sources. Comment by Roxanne Williams: unclearComment by Roxanne Williams: sentence structure errorComment by Roxanne Williams: you did not mention this concept in the rest of the paragraph. You mention administrators….

8.Significance of the StudyComment by Roxanne Williams: this section = continue editingI copy and pasted my feedback for your previous draft. You have not addressed my previous suggestions.

The proposed study will be developed due to the prolonged impacts of school leaders and educators in Title 1, schools in Harlem, NY. The study will examine leadership and educators. The proposed study focuses on the distinctive difference of leadership and how it contributes to student improvement, which contributes to teacher performance. Apply this study to the present study, it aids in understanding the different leadership styles that will be implemented to find the overall solution. Teacher Leadership – Behaviors have willingly undertaken by teachers which serve to improve the quality of education for students, to enhance the practice of fellow teachers, to alleviate the leadership responsibilities of the principal, and to create a more enriching educational environment throughout the school (Angelle, & DeHart, 2011). Examining the relationship between educators and leadership will be conducive to address and manage teacher stress.

The proposed study will be developed due to the prolonged impacts of school leaders and educators in Title 1, schools in Harlem, NY. The study will examine leadership and educators. The proposed study focuses on the distinctive difference of leadership and how it contributes to student improvement, which contributes to teacher performance. Apply this study to the present study, it aids in understanding the different leadership styles that will be implemented to find the overall solution. Teacher Leadership – Behaviors have willingly undertaken by teachers which serve to improve the quality of education for students, to enhance the practice of fellow teachers, to alleviate the leadership responsibilities of the principal, and to create a more enriching educational environment throughout the school (Angelle, & DeHart, 2011). Examining the relationship between educators and leadership will be conducive to address and manage teacher stress.Comment by Roxanne Williams: You have some misalignment, here, with the purpose of your study. You stated earlier: The purpose of this proposed qualitative narrative inquiry study is to understand the stories of public 6th-8th grade teachers who have experienced stress related to their jobs in Harlem, New York. Comment by Roxanne Williams: ? What other study?Comment by Roxanne Williams: your purpose statement does not mention leadership style investigationComment by Roxanne Williams: unclear

ReferencesComment by Roxanne Williams: Please see my week 8 first submission feedback on your reference entries

Angelle, P. S., & DeHart, C. A. (2011). Teacher Perceptions of Teacher Leadership: Examining Differences by Experience, Degree, and Position. NASSP Bulletin, 95(2), 141–160. 

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Clandinin, D. & Rosiek, J. (2007). Mapping a landscape of narrative inquiry: borderland spaces and tensions. In Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology (pp. 35-76). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry. In Green, J. L., Camilli, G., & Elmore, P. B. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of complementary methods in education research. Routledge

Gold, Y., & Roth, R. A. (1993). Teachers managing stress and preventing burnout : The professional health solution. ProQuest Ebook Central 

Jackson, L. & Rothmann, S. 2005. Work-related wellbeing of educators in a district of the

North-West Province. Perspectives in Education, 23(3): 107–122.

Larrivee, B. (2012). Cultivating teacher renewal : Guarding against stress and burnout. ProQuest Ebook Central 

Oberle, E. & Schonert-Reichl, K.A. 2016. Stress contagion in the classroom? The link between classroom teacher burnout and morning cortisol in elementary school students. Social Science and Medicine, 159: 30–37. .

Suh, R. (2018). Teacher Burnout. Teacher Burnout — Research Starters Education, 1–5.

Van der Vyver, C. P., Kok, T., & Conley, L. N. (2020). The Relationship between Teachers Professional Wellbeing and Principals’ Leadership Behaviour to Improve Teacher Retention.

Perspectives in Education, 38(2), 86–102.

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.