History of Global Politics

Studying the history of global politics is quite complicated because there are different important events that served as a part of the process in how we obtained the global political system we have nowadays. According to the discussion of Prof. Tena, there are four global system attributes that we have to remember. And these are countries or states are independent, countries interact with each other through diplomacy and other foreign relation policies, international organizations facilitate these interactions and it also take on live of their town.

The purpose of United Nations is to unite countries, to discuss the issues and problems, and to implement policies to help the nation-states and international organizations. Nation-State refers to not all states are nations and not all nations are states. Nation and States are closely related because it is nationalism that facilitates state formation. State refers to a country and its government and it has four areas. These are population, government, territory, and sovereignty. In 1648, the present-day of the concept of sovereignty can be traced back to Treaty of Westphalia. Treaty of Westphalia is a set of agreements to end the wars between the major continental powers of Europe. Napoleonic war started and led by Napoleon Bonaparte who aimed to spread the French Revolution—liberty, equality, fraternity to the rest of the Europe.

Internationalism is a political principle that advocates greater political or economic cooperation among states and nations. There are two categories of Internationalism and these are liberal and socialist internationalism. Under liberal internationalism, Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham suggested to implement global government and international law to govern the inter-state relations yet they failed to impose this due to the difference in economic situations, culture and beliefs, political system of each country. In addition, it may also lead to biased decisions to make if there will be a representative to the international government from a certain country which may also lead to wars and more problems. Moreover, Giuseppi Mazzini argued that various Italian States could unify and he believes that unified nation-states should be the basis of global cooperation. Furthermore, Woodrow Wilson who was a US President in 1913-1921 and he believes in principle of Self-determination and in order to achieve internationalization we need to have a league of nations. Yet, the League of Nations failed to prevent the World War II. On the other hand, this is why World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labor Organization was established. In socialist internationalism, Karl Marx is a German socialist philosopher who was against nationalism but wanted to pursue internationalism. Due to Socialist Internationalism, Marx and his labor parties declared May 1 as Labor Day, established to celebrate International Women’s Day, and campaign for 8-hour workday. And lastly, Vladimir Lenin led the Russian revolution in 1917 to obtain a new state called Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or USSR.

As we reflect on our history of global politics, I could say that these people and these events will always be significant in building political system that we have nowadays. They may have suggestions that were not being approved yet it opened our realization to the consequences it may bring. It has been a trial and error to proposed a systematic governance, relations and even use of world power among different nations and states, thus, it led us to discover what’s the best and continue to discover for the better.

CHARLIE CHAPLIN

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. also known as Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889 in London, more than 130 years ago. Its success was universal and reached audiences of all ages and generations. He is unanimously considered one of the greatest directors who ever lived. His personal history will later influence his films. Raised in poverty amidst extreme hardships in London he lost his father at the age of 12 and later also his mother, suffering from psychiatric disorders. Chaplin’s social criticism reaches various themes: pacifism, anarchism, social and political satire against capitalism and against dictatorship, in an increasingly heated conflict between the individual and the collectivity. A society that in your films always appears totalitarian, albeit in different ways. After the advent of sound, the artist continues to prefer the expressiveness of silent films and creates masterpieces such as The Gold Rush and City Lights, using only a musical soundtrack. Chaplin’s cinema discovers its political potential and its aversion to capitalism. If in City Lights this change is still embryonic in Modern Times, Chaplin tells directly about the clash between the working class and capitalists. Charlot is an alienated worker forced to work like a machine with very fast and repetitive work rhythms that cause him a nervous breakdown. He participates in the strikes and protests that cost him his prison and is unable to keep his job because he helps the weakest to get around the law. Until he meets a little orphaned and desperate brat with whom he tries to change his life. A harsh criticism of the American capitalist lifestyle that will cost him expulsion from the United States a few years later, in the McCarthy era. In addition, the great dictator is one of the most important achievements of Charlie Chaplin ‘s filmography, which condenses all the experience accumulated since the 10s. It is his first sound film with dialogues and was released in cinemas in 1940. This time the protagonist he is no longer Charlot: Charlie Chaplin considered him a character inextricably linked to silent cinema. In The Dictator he tackles the theme of the Nazi dictatorship and plays a double role: a Jewish barber hero of the First World War persecuted by the Nazis and the dictator Adenoid Hynkel, clearly inspired by Adolf Hitler. An exchange of person leads the dictator to prison and the barber to become head of state, with the possibility of making a speech in front of millions of people: Instead of speaking in an aggressive and dictatorial tone, he suggests humanitarian values ​​and solidarity for a better future. The Dictator was also a great success with the public, especially in the United States and Great Britain, where it was distributed before the end of the Second World War. The film entered the history of cinema for the courage with which it described and ridiculed the European dictatorial regimes and for some exciting scenes such as the dance with the globe and the final speech of the dictator of Tomania.