Account for the financial weakness of the French Monarchy in the second half of the eighteenth century and show how far this weakness was responsible for the outbreak of revolution in France in 1789.
In what ways did Napoleon I’s domestic policies benefit France in the period 1799-1815?
How far did the Congress of Vienna solve the problems faced by its delegates?
Evaluate the achievements of Robert Peel as Home Secretary and as Prime Minister of Britain.
Compare and contrast the contributions of Mazzini and Garibaldi to Italian unification.
What were the causes and results of the 1848 revolutions in the Austrian Empire?
In 1867, Bismarck said: “Anyone who has looked into the eyes of a soldier dying on the battlefield will think hard before starting a war.” Analyze Bismarck’s foreign policy in light of these words.
What was the Eastern Question and why did it cause problems for Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century?
Assess the importance of the development in any one European country in the second half of the nineteenth century, of two of the following: railways; social legislation; agricultural changes.
In what ways did educational reform affect any one European country between 1850 and 1900?
How far would you agree that Napoleon III was more successful in his domestic than his foreign policy?
Why, in spite of his efforts to reform Russian institutions, was Alexander II assassinated?
What were the main problems faced by the Third French Republic between 1870 and 1900?
Evaluate the relative importance of imperialism, the arms race and the failure of diplomacy in causing the First World War.
Compare and contrast the roles of Lenin and Trotsky in establishing the USSR up to 1924.
How far is it true to say that the Weimar Republic was doomed from its foundation?
“Its frown will soon be more dreaded than a nation’s arms.” Why did this comment on the League of Nations, made in 1929 prove to be incorrect?
Compare and contrast the foreign policies up to the outbreak of the Second World War of Mussolini and Hitler.
Analyze the causes and results of the Spanish Civil War.
Assess the impact of Hitler, and the Second World War on one Scandinavian country.
How and why did the Second World War bring about the social and economic changes in one European country excluding Scandinavia?
Why and with what results for Europe did the USSR become involved in the Cold War up to the death of Stalin?
Explain whom you consider was more successful in his own country, Adenauer or de Gaulle?
Analyze the internal history of one East European country, excluding the USSR, from 1953 to 1990.
How has twentieth century Europe been affected by two of the following: increased leisure opportunities; pressure groups; peace movements?