Discuss resistance and organizational misbehavior using diagram to structure your answers.

Foucault’s conception of power has often been read as leaving no place for resistance. He has suggested that power is ‘always already there’ that one is never outside it and there are no margins for those who break with the system ( Foucault 1980 :141). Resistance in this rendering merely appears as productive of and for ‘power’ not as something outside, standing against it. It is the possibility of resistance that calls power to control. Management is required because we employ people who carry with them particular skills, knowledge that are necessary for the running of organizations. They are people will always resist because when they give up resisting they give up ingenuity and rational abilities that make them people and that made them attractive as employees in the first place.

Types of resistance:
1. Distance self-consciousness
2. Plural self-consciousness
3. Professional –
4. Whistleblower –
5. Transgressive –
6. Rule consciousness
7. Gendered –
8. Natural rights consciousness

Diagrams :
Organizational Misbehaviour
There are some forms of behavior which while disruptive to organizational functioning are not sufficiently directed or sustained to be accurately termed ‘ resistance’ and are more appropriately understood as organizational misbehavior. Commited and engaged to the detached and hostile. Example, manipulation of time perks, breaks and time off the appropriation and use of the product for personal purposes. At the hostile end, this could include turnover and sabotage theft or the achievement of a class or group solidarity that may be militant against organizational practices and ends.

Diagrams :

3.How did emergence of corporate environmentalism affect the ways of doing business? What are the forces during environmentalism and how these forces affect organizations? Illustrate your answer with example and research.

Cooperate environmentalism is
– The organization-wide recognition of the legitimacy and importance of the biophysical environment in the formulation of organizational strategy and the integration of environmental issues into the strategic planning process ( Banerjee 1999 :2007 , Jemier et al . 2006).
– It involves the recognition by firms that environmental problems arise from the development, manufacture, distribution and consumption of their products and services.
– Integrating environmental issues in the strategic planning process is another theme of corporate environmentalism.
– The importance placed on environmental concerns and their integration into the organization strategy largely determines a company’s approach to environmental issues leading to a wide range of activities and outcomes.

Corporate environmentalisms successful is neither businesses nor government paid much attention to environmental issues until recent years. Because it was left to governments to address these issues and in recent years, some corporations have taken a more proactive approach to environmental issues and are attempting to reframe environmental costs as environmental opportunities with revenue generating hospital.

Examples of corporate environmentalism:
– In 2007 IBM committed $1 bn to green technology
– Coca Cola in partnership with Greenpeace, McDonald’s, Unilever and PepsiCo developed a $40m HFC-free vending machine
– Procter and Gamble pledged $20m to develop composting facilities for disposable nappies
– Xerox’s programed to reuse containers and pallets reduced 10000 tons of waste and saved $15m annually
– Saturn, a division of GM regularly collects used and damaged plastic materials from its cars for reprocessing and reuse

However, there are external and internal in driving forces of corporate environmentalism.
External forces,
Legislation.
Legislation can require substantial changes in product or package design or distribution channels.
Increase in environmental liabilities and risks incurred ad consistently rank liabilities and litigation as the most important type of environmental information required for their investment decisions.

Public concern,
The need to maintain a good public image and respond to public concerns can lead to firms adopting corporate environmentalism.
Environmental attributes are becoming an integral part of corporate reputation.
Business-to business purchase decisions are being increasingly influenced by the environmental quality of the product.

Internal,
Top Management Commitment,
Refer back to the Calvert’s case study.
Management can develop an environmental mission or vision statement.eg. Kodak.
Appointment of senior managers responsible for overseeing the environmental orientation and strategies of their firm to create internal activism.

Need for competitive advantage,
Having lower costs than competitors or having differentiated offerings and being able to command a premium price can obtain it. For example, installation of new environmentally friendly technologies has reduces costs or firms and new production processes and manufacturing changes in several firms have resulted in unexpected cost savings while meeting environmental protection goals.
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