Cross-Cultural Research, 46, 109-132. Retrieved from https://ccr.sagepub.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/content/46/2/109.full.pdf html
This article is a Hofstede analysis of the cultural dimensions of Israel and Syria, and the differences in the two cultures. While the document provides a detailed analysis of the similarities and differences in the two cultures, it also provides an in-depth analysis of Israeli facework, communication strategies, feelings and values as they relate to the overall culture of Israel. The article also briefly touches on the ways in which Israeli culture compares to western cultures, and the reasons why the cultures are so different, according the Hofstede analysis. Israelis are a direct communication culture, meaning that they are frank and clear-cut in their communications. Israelis tend to be individualistic, viewing indirect communication as deceptive. They are a low-context culture and often have difficulty in communications with high-context cultures such as the United States.
Nelson, G., Batal, M., & Bakary, W. (2002). Directness vs. indirectness: Egyptian arabic. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 39-57. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0147176701000372/1-s2.0-S0147176701000372-main.pdf?_tid=9a3238f2-675d-11e2-b94b-00000aacb362&acdnat=1359166429_b258a993408ddf9c8f2eaf34bb598bd5
This journal article is a comparative review of communication styles among Egyptian, Arabic, and English cultures. Specifically, the article focuses on refusal communications, also reviewing negotiation strategies. Because of their direct communication styles, Israelis tend to be very intimidating negotiators, especially when compared to westerners. Westerners tend to be very uncomfortable in business settings with Israelis because Israelis do not use words to express emotions or words of formality. Even simple phrases such as “thank you” and “hello” are often viewed as unnecessary additions to the communication process. Israelis tend to be perceived as rude and unkind by those of opposite communication styles. Inversely, Israelis view westerners as deceptive and insincere. They interpret these communication formalities as hypocrisy. The typical western conversation would cause an Israeli to question the motives or intentions of the other person. With regard to this cultural analysis, this paper should provide many great talking points by which to compare the two cultures.
Schwartz, M. (2010). The State of Business Ethics in Israel: A light unto the nations?. Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 429-446. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/917324755
This article speaks of the traditional view that Israel is to be a “light unto the nations.” This view is, of course, a reflection of their Christian heritage and their Biblical roots. The article disputes this view, taking the argument that modern day Israel holds to unethical business practices. The article notes several documented occurrences of unethical behavior including bank stock scandals, improper government dealings in the business community, and the acceptance of government bribes in exchange for real estate construction benefits. Additionally, the article provides some significant statistical data regarding Israel’s world rankings for economic status and ethical behavior. Surprisingly, Israel ranks very high in economic development, education, and technology, but ranks relatively low in ethical awareness and practices. The research indicates that Israel needs to implement additional measures to monitor ethics in the workplace. The author proposes that Israeli’s have a perceived sense that ethics simply does not exist in the business setting.
Durant, A., & Shepherd, I. (2009). ‘culture’ and ‘communication’ in. European Journal of English Studies, 13(2), 147-162. Retrieved from https://rx9vh3hy4r.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Culture’ and ‘Communication’ in Intercultural Communication&rft.jtitle=European Journal of English Studies&rft.au=Durant, Alan&rft.au=Shepherd, Ifan&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.issn=1382-5577&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.epage=162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/13825570902907185&rft.externalDBID=n/a&rft.externalDocID=10_1080_13825570902907185
This journal article discusses the links between culture and communication, as well as the different aspects of communication within a particular culture. The author purposes that in order to effectively participate in intercultural communication, one needs to understand his own communication norms and practices, and the different ways in which these norms differ based on situational factors. The article also touches on the variations of written word and spoken word, and the ways in which these may be interpreted differently. Additionally, the authors purpose that communication within a single culture may vary based on certain other demographics such as age, gender, national background, and experience. This analysis is of particular importance to our global business cultural analysis because business can be conducted across all of these various lines of demographics. Finally, the article touches on the Hofstede Analysis. The research presented in the article indicates that both communication and culture tie into differences in business strategies, personal and business conduct, beliefs and values, and forms of expression.
Kingston, C. (2007). Social structure and cultures of corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67, 90-102. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0167268107001254/1-s2.0-S0167268107001254-main.pdf?_tid=36c37908-6cc5-11e2-9c9f-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1359760685_d7bd06b1479d934b6fc34075616afe05
This article analyzes the link between modern social and economic structures and the forces of corruption within the identified cultures. The author proposes that this inert drive toward corruptive behavior in a society is due in part to the confliction of formal and informal cultural rules and guidelines. Corruption is strongly related to social capital, trust, fractionalization and culture within a social structure. The paper specifically references bribery and other incentives toward dishonest and corrupt behaviors within a society. However, the author’s analysis of structure and corruption also offer an interesting perspective to business practices as they relate to societal organization in a culture. Corrupt business practices can be placed in check by ethical guidelines established by an organization. This is one helpful way to bridge the gap between formal and informal rules in a society.
Migliore, A. (2011). Relation between big five personality traits and. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(1), 38-54. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/journals.htm?articleid=1905645&show=abstract
This article compares the information used in the Hofstede Analysis with information in the Five-Factor Model (FFM). FFM is essentially the taxonomy of five personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. These five factors are similar to the factors that are expressed in the Hofstede Analysis, and they have an equally important impact on the ways in which individuals interact within a culture. Hofstede’s Analysis also focuses on five cultural dimensions including individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and time orientation. These two tools of cultural analysis affect culture at the national level, the group or organization level, and the individual level.
Mitra, R. (2011). ‘‘my country’s future’’: A culture-centered interrogation. Journal of Business Ethics, 106, 131-147. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/929156319
This journal article focuses on social corporate responsibility as it relates to Jewish culture, state policy, organizational strategy, and global and local economic flows. The author indicates that social corporate responsibility (SCR) is strongly linked to historical cultural values specifically stemming from state power institutions, economic sectors, corporate groups, and whole industries. The article further examines the impact of religious-social values, education and training, philanthropy, and environment on Indian cultural norms. The author describes the culture as one in which “social obligations” are an integral part of business structures and cultural practices.
Hahn, S. (2005). Culture and Customs in Israel. Middle East Journal, 59(1), 167. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/218529133/fulltextPDF?accountid=12085
This journal entry serves as an excellent resource for locating other documentation on the culture of Israel and the surrounding Middle Eastern cultures such as Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. The materials provided in the article can help connect these Middle Eastern cultures, comparing and contrasting the differences among them. Reference is made to the three major religions of Israel, and the role these religions play in developing the culture of the country. It is also noted that Israel has become, more recently, home to people of many cultures, values, and norms, especially in the recent movement of Jewish people to their “homeland” from around the world. Specific mention is made of Israeli housing, food, dress, and media. All of these aspects affect the dimensions of culture in Israel.
Seidel, T. (2012). Development, religion, and modernity in. Crosscurrents, 62(4), 424-441. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/doi/10.1111/cros.12001/pdf
This journal article approaches the Palestinian-Israeli culture conflict from a religious perspective. The author, however, also notes the significance of economic and political developments to the conflict. The paper also sheds some insight on the importance of religion in the Israeli culture. The author quotes, “it is not Christian evangelizations that Islamic countries fear, as much as Western secularization where there is no expression of divine in daily life.” For the Israeli, religion is a part of daily life and culture. This paper will serve as an excellent resource in establishing an argument that Westerners would, perhaps, not make the ideal business partners for an Israeli organization. When paired with the results of the Hofstede Analysis, this paper will become a great resource for comparing the cultures of Israel and the United States from a religious perspective. It will also be a great tool for incorporating a Christian worldview into the Global Business Cultural Analysis.
Tamari, M. (1997). The challenge of wealth: "jewish business ethics". Business Ethics Quarterly, 7(2), 45-56. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/stable/3857297
This article examines business ethics from a religious perspective, as they relate to Israel. The analysis is primarily based on Judaism and on the fundamental concept that all immorality is caused by either unbounded desire or fear of economic uncertainty. The important religious concept is that human desire can be both good and evil. From one perspective, it can lead to unethical behaviors. But from another view, human desire is what spurs human activity and advancement. Israelis typically view ethics from a religious perspective, giving reference to the Divine Revelation of the Mosaic Code, and the Oral Law. Spiritual education is traditionally as equally important to the Israeli as an education in a specific business trade. Religious concepts are deeply tied into Jewish culture and economic activity.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (1962). Some problems of communication research in israel. International Social Science Journal, Retrieved from https://rx9vh3hy4r.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some problems of communication research in Israel&rft.jtitle=International Social Science Journal&rft.au=Eisenstadt, S. N&rft.date=1962-01-01&rft.issn=0020-8701&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.externalDBID=n/a&rft.externalDocID=d46300100007
This article addresses three main types or forms of communication in Israel. The first is “technical communication”, used to transmit necessary information and helping to orient oneself to the environment. These communications are often explanatory. The second type of communication is “cognitive orientation”, or communications such as gossip and communications of personality and interests. The third category is “normative communications”, or communications which are designed to uphold social norms within the culture. The third type of communication holds significant value to many religious practices in Israel. The author notes that Israeli communication tends to be less formalized than traditional Western forms of communications. Israeli communication tends to be rather impersonal. The author also proposes that communication is most effectively made through religious or political leaders, or through the mediation of a third party “elite”.
Irvine, L. (2008). Israel; the land/israel; the people/israel; the culture. Resource Links, 13(4), 22-63. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/215234136/fulltextPDF?accountid=12085
The cultural aspects of Israel which are covered in this document include religion, holidays, leisurely activities, arts and communications. The text gives a brief description of how Israel has progressed from its historic past to its modern culture. It also speaks to the ways in which the country has adapted to a challenging environment. Important aspects of Israel’s history are covered in the text. Religious significance is also noted in the historic references. The cultural section of the article also describes the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Manuel:

Global Business Cultural Analysis Annotated Bibliography
What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in this region?

Malach-Pines, A., & Schwartz, D. (2006). Men and Women Small Business Owner in Israel.
Equal Opportunities International, 25(4), 311-326. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/journals.htm?articleid=1571714&show=abstract.
Malach-Pines and Schwartz’s research paper gives information concerning the various psychology theories associated with likely gender differences in small business owners in Israel. This paper reveals the typical profile of Israel’s small business owners and similarities and differences that exist between men and women in those positions. The authors, both members of an Israeli school of management, conducted research to support or disprove existing assumptions and studied psychology theories specific to genders within their Israeli culture. Although the focus of this research paper is tailored to psychology theories, the demographic used to pursue these efforts include members that would be intricate topics of discussion. An understanding of Israel’s existing gender differences and reasons for why they exist will discloses cultural components relevant to business conducted in this country. A study concerning Israeli small business owners will not only assist in exposing some of the major elements and dimensions of culture in Israel, but may also lead to an overall comparison to the U.S.

Dana, L. (1999). Small Business in Israel. Journal of Small Business Management, 37.4, 73-79.
Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/221003462.
Dana’s article describes the economic state of Israel. According to Dana, Israel has made many great decisions that have resulted in the country being economically strong. The author goes into detail on the history of Israel and how the country’s peace initiatives in the 1990’s served as a foundation for the country to positively change. The information in this article describes different aspects of the nation and the impact each has had on the nation’s economic state. Dana’s article is extremely informative. The information gives great details on what has happened in Israel and how those events have affected the nation’s business environment. Israel has proven over the years to be a strong nation. It is extremely important to establish an understanding of Israel’s history and the state of Israel’s economy prior to determining whether or not conducting business is feasible. This understanding reveals the major elements and dimensions of Israel’s culture. This understanding also enables one to better compare these elements and dimensions with U.S. culture and business.

Gorenberg, G. (2008). Israel. Foreign Policy, 166, 26-28, 30, 32. Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/224033882.
Gorenberg’s article on Israel served as a great foundation for information on the country’s history. Gorenberg, an American Israeli, is a historian which was proved by the valuable details presented on Israel. His personal background gives a unique perspective on details that can likely be missed by others. His article informs readers of Israel’s beginnings and how the nation has progressed and exceeds the standards of its surroundings. Israel has also exceeded most expectations. Gorenberg attempts to disprove the many myths associated with this nation and gives ample information for readers to better understand the nation’s path to its present victory. Gorenberg’s article is strictly historical. It does not address the business challenges that the nation deals with. Regardless of its broad historical focus, this article gives the type of information needed to truly understanding this nation. It also assists in exposing the major historical elements and dimensions of Israel’s culture.

Katz-gerro, T., Raz, S., & Yaish, M. (2009). How Do Class, Status, and Religiosity Shape
Cultural Omnivorousness in Israel? Journal of Cultural Economics, 33.1, 1-17. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/197407264.
The authors of this article present an abundance of relevant information. This article focuses on the variables that shape cultural omnivorousness in Israel. Cultural omnivorousness is, in the simplest explanation, a cultural sociology term that focuses on greater participation in a variety of cultures in an area. This article specifically spotlights class, status, and religiosity of Israel. The focus of this article directly corresponds to the initial focus of the Global Business Cultural Analysis. Recognizing the existence of and understanding Israel’s classes, statuses, and religiosity are very important to the process of understanding Israel’s business culture. Although this article focuses on these factors to determine what shapes cultural omnivorousness in Israel, these factors are also what will assist in developing a discussion on the major elements and dimensions of culture in Israel. This article is extremely informative and the details presented will serve as a great means for furthering the discussion of Israel’s business culture.

How are those elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in the nation?

White, G. (Apr. 2001). Israel. Corporate Finance, 18-19. Retrieved from
https://p2048-www.liberty.edu.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login?url=https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/210154138?accountid=12085.
White’s article informs readers of Israel’s productivity in the technology market. The author gives a few details about why Israel’s technology market has been successful and why it has attracted foreign investors. In addition to the reasoning behind the attractiveness of foreign investments in Israel, White also gives some information concerning taxation in Israel, the risks and likely returns associated with these investments. Israel tends to flourish in certain markets. Israel’s ability to thrive is typically due the nation’s ability to attract some form of foreign interaction. Understanding some of the details associated with Israel’s ability to attract foreign investors is important because it allows one to grasps how difficult or easy it may be for a foreign nation to conduct business in Israel. Although this article narrowly focuses on foreign investments in the technology industry, this information will help answer how the major elements and dimensions of Israel’s culture are integrated by locals conducting business there.

Swift, J. (2010). Israel: Shalom. The Lawyer, 23. Retrieved from
https://p2048-www.liberty.edu.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login?url=https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/744001510?accountid=12085.
Swift gives readers information on Israel’s ability to attract law professionals to the country. The article reveals the reasons why Israel is considered attractive and also how the nation may be able to help other countries. Israel is successfully attracting lawyers. This is an element that any nation would want and Swift gives readers information on how this is happening. Although the article narrowly focused on the legal profession, its focus entails the information that shows why businesses would choose to flock to this area. Whether it is lawyers, engineers, or doctors, having any group of professionals attracted to your nation is very positive. The attractiveness of a nation does not typically simply show the state a particular market, it also shows the state of the nation’s economy. This article will serve as a great reference to show how the major elements and dimensions of the culture can be integrated by locals conducting business in Israel.

Shelach, S. (2012, Mar 14). Microsoft Israel Launching Start Up Incubator. McClatchy –
Tribune Business News. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/927915468?accountid=12085.
Shelach’s article focuses on Microsoft conducting business in Israel. There are many business opportunities that are present in the technology field in Israel. Microsoft will attempt to capitalize on the opportunities that exist in Israel and see what’s produced. The opportunities that exist in Israel are, of course, the main reasons why companies would want to conduct business there. Before conducting business in Israel, there are multiple factors that Microsoft has had to consider. The major elements and dimensions of Israel’s culture is one of the most important factors to consider. It is these particular factors and how they are evaluated that ultimately determines Microsoft’s possibility for success in Israel. The initiatives in this article will assist in determining how the major elements and dimensions of culture in Israel are integrated by locals conducting business there.

How do both of the above items compare with U.S. culture and business?

Carrison, D. (2009). Israel’s Model of Business Resiliency. Industrial Management, 51.5, 18.
Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/501799980.
Carrison, an American business writer and consultant, wrote this article to instruct others on how high performance within a business structure is accomplished. Carrison determined that Israel has a great model for how to effectively and efficiently manage employees and conduct business. Carrison’s article seems to be very human resource management oriented. This direction, however, is exactly what is needed to better understand how management works and how business is conducted in Israel. The real-life examples that Carrison uses in this article will make evident the inner workings of an Israeli business and its employees. This type of insight allows one to understand how the major elements and dimensions of Israel’s culture compare to U.S. culture. This article’s information will prove even more useful due to the fact that the author is American. Carrison’s perspective is one that is possibly more easily understand being that his opinion is spoken from an American businessman perspective.

Bainerman, J. (1998). Israel. International Business, 11.3, 16-18. Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/205245391?accountid=12085.
Bainerman’s article on Israel reveals masses about the state of the nation’s economy at the time this article was written. Bainerman, an Israel transplant, has worked as a journalist in Israel for years and also publishes newsletters in the nation. His perspective gives readers an insider look at how the nation was doing in 1998. According to Bainerman, Israel was doing extremely well. The economy was booming, businesses were attracted to the nation, and its international status had considerably improved. This article could serve as one of the primary references for conducting research and developing an intriguing Global Business Cultural Analysis. This article gives great insight on the economic standing of Israel. The type of information presented by Bainerman will serve as a great source for discussing how the major elements and dimensions of Israel compare to those of the U.S. Bainerman giving information on an international level that allows for an easy comparison.

Sharon, S. (2010). Abusive Behavior in Organizations: A Cross-cultural Comparison Between
the U.S. and Israel. Alliant International University, San Diego. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/863204281?accountid=12085.
Sharon’s thesis focuses on abusive behaviors within organizations. The author gives information on abusive relationships between employees and managers. The author also describes the relationship between Israel and the U.S. Information on the complicated relationship between Israel and the U.S. is very important because it shows how effectively or ineffectively the countries interact with one another. As a part of analyzing this relationship, the author also reveals what is considered to be abusive behavior. Although the author’s focus is on what’s considered abusive behavior between managers and employees, Israel and the U.S., it’s focus is important because of the comparison. This type of comparison not only gives one insight on the complexities of the Israel-U.S. relationship, it also dives into a comparison of the business culture of the two countries. This information will serve as a great resource to compare the major elements, dimensions, and ability for others to integrate into the business cultures of the U.S. and Israel.

What are the implications for U.S. businesses that wish to conduct business in that region?

Nir, M., & Rotem-Bar, J. (2002). Business Opportunities Abound in Israel. Medical Device
Technology, 13(8), 43-44. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=12416334&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
Nir and Rotem-Bar’s article gives great insight to the booming business market in Israel at the time of it was written. According to the authors, the majority of the businesses that begin in Israel are related to or a part of the medical field. This article gives some details about Israel’s business profile. The authors, an engineer and member of a company’s international market and sales medical division respectively, have done thorough research of what are some of the things that make Israel’s economy flourish. This article focuses on the business opportunities that exist in Israel and what may possibly be the contributing factors of success for starting businesses in Israel. Although this article narrowly focuses on the engineering and medical industries, the fact that these specific industries are seen as extremely successful and account for a large portion of new business in this country will ensure relevant topics are discussed. This article will serve as a great source for determining the likely implications U.S. businesses could face should they want to conduct business in Israel.

Clarke, D. (2005). Mainline Protestants Begin to Divest from Israel: A Moral Imperative or
“Effective” Anti-Semitism? Journal of Palestine Studies, 35.1, 44-59. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/220626598.
Clarke, a professor of International Relations, teaches readers about a move that was initiated by Protestants to divest from Israel. It is well known that when Protestants protest or move for or against something, their efforts usually result in their success. Due to the many issues surrounding the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, many Protestant denominations are protesting the current state of the situation. As a way to pressure a resolution, some Protestants are pushing to divest from companies conducting business in these nations. It may seem as though focusing on an article that talks about protests may be very limited. This type of article is exactly what is needed to show the issues associated with conducting business in Israel. Protests and the reasons for protests are important details to disclose prior to considering conducting business in the area. The information in Clarke’s article directly describes the implications that will likely be encountered by U.S. businesses that desire to conduct business in Israel.

Pollak, N. (2010). The New War Against Israel. Moment, 35.4, 14. Retrieved from
https://rx9vh3hy4r.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+War+Against+Israel&rft.jtitle=Moment&rft.au=Noah+Pollak&rft.date=2010-08-31&rft.issn=0099-0280&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=14&rft.externalDBID=MNNT&rft.externalDocID=2174589861
Pollak’s information concerning the weakening of the U.S. relationship with Israel is very intriguing. This article discusses the current state of the conflict Israel is facing with the Palestinians. It also discusses how others, including the U.S., view Israel’s stance on this particular issue. Israel receives a vast amount of money and, in the past, support from the U.S. A negative perspective on Israel’s stance on this conflict and the attitude of the present administration has created a visible strain in the Israel-U.S. relationship. Pollak’s article focuses on this “new” war that Israel faces due to the strain that has been placed on its relationships with its allies. It is very important to understand the intricacies and significance of Israel’s relationships with its allies, particularly the U.S. This article not only gives that type of information, it also serves as a source of evaluating the implications a U.S. business may face should it decide to conduct business in this nation.
Example:
Discussion Forum 2: Reply
Meaghan

As I am researching the same country, I very much enjoyed reading through your reference material. Of all of your references, I only used the article from the Journal of Business Ethics (Mark, 2012) in my own research. I have already begun to draft my analysis, and I found this particular article to be very relevant to the overall theme of the paper. It was especially useful in the section on religion. In reviewing your other reference, however, I noticed that very few speak to the actual eight dimensions of culture, as listed in the text. I would encourage you to look through some of the references that I located on my annotated bibliography. I found several very helpful journal articles, especially on communication and language, as well as customs and religion. I have tried to gather a substantial amount of information that can speak to the eight cultural dimensions while still giving me an opportunity to address a Christian worldview in the paper. I simply could not ignore Israel’s Biblical history, so many of my references link religion to the different cultural dimensions as well. I tried to stay away from too many articles that gave a summary of Israel’s political and economic standing, and focused more on the specific ways in which Israeli culture directly impacts daily business communications. I also located an article that included a Hofstede Analysis. I would encourage you to take that particular article and add it to your own reference list. It provides all of the information we would need to know for our last section of the GBCA, as listed on the outline.
I really enjoyed your research, and I may use one or two of these articles in my own paper. I hope that you find my research to be just as helpful.

 
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