A A pyrolysis process has been developed that can recycle carbon fibre composites. The mid-point values for the
process are included. You need to consider how you would change the model to account for the carbon fibres that
are recycled out of this process. A quantitative analysis using the Excel file would be expected. If the recycled
carbon fibres are not as strong as new fibres, consider how you might include this effect in the model.
B With the basic model, calculate normalised values of the mid-point values. Compare these to normalised
end-point values and discuss why there may be differences. Use European or Worldwide values, or maybe both.
C If a hybrid car was used, there would be a need for a battery system and electric motor. Mid-point values for
these are given, but without any information of the weight required or how much fuel a hybrid system would save.
Try to find some information on this (at least enough to give reasonable approximations) and use this to do a
quantitative assessment of how a hybrid will change the values for one of the vehicles (steel BIW or composite
BIW).
D The current model uses a typical mix of steel. The hot-rolled steel used in the model is produced with the
following processes:
Hot rolling, a process done on all the material regardless of the source of steel.
Electric Arc Furnace steel production, which makes up 35% of the steel and uses entirely scrap as a feed-source.
Basic Oxygen steel production, which makes up the remaining 65% of the steel. This uses 70% pig-iron from a blast
furnace, and 30% scrap.
Blast furnace production, which is used to make up the 70% that goes into the Basic Oxygen process. This includes
all the downstream impacts of raw materials extraction.
This means that the current model uses steel that has a recycled content of about 55%. Automotive steel will be
recycled almost completely, so you need to consider how you would modify the model to treat this more fairly.
This will not be a quantitative analysis, but will involve some detailed qualitative analysis after careful
thought. There may be more than one way of addressing this and discussion of the different methods would be good.
Flow diagrams will be much more useful than rather vague descriptions.

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